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Tuesday, September 16, 2008
Tips & Tricks
System Configuration
Msinfo32
Invoke Paint Brush
Pbrush
Invoke word
winword
Remote Desktop Connection
mstsc
Invoke Excel
excel
Invoke Powerpoint
POWERPNT
To find the route for a destination IP ADDRESS
TRACERT <>
To find the route for a destination IP ADDRESS WITH MAX NO OF HOPS to travel
TRACERT -h <> <>
To find the route for an IP ADDRESS WITH SPECIFIC TIMEOUT INTERVAL FOR EACH NODE
TRACET -W <
Msinfo32
Invoke Paint Brush
Pbrush
Invoke word
winword
Remote Desktop Connection
mstsc
Invoke Excel
excel
Invoke Powerpoint
POWERPNT
To find the route for a destination IP ADDRESS
TRACERT <
To find the route for a destination IP ADDRESS WITH MAX NO OF HOPS to travel
TRACERT -h <
To find the route for an IP ADDRESS WITH SPECIFIC TIMEOUT INTERVAL FOR EACH NODE
TRACET -W <
Basic LINUX Command for Beginner
1) ls
This basic command Use for to see the list of a directory.
# ls
a) To view details such as the file permissions, user and group owner, last time file was modified
# ls -l
b) Searching filenames by using wildcards. To list files that start with the letter h, use
# ls -l h*
2) find
The find command to find your files. The find command will search and find directories or files that match conditions such as name, date last accessed, file size and more. It has got many abilities, and they’re all listed in the man page.
To search for files starting with the letter h recursively starting from the / root directory use the following
# find / -name h*
3) man
man stands for manual, So “man page” really means it’s manual page. Most linux commands have manual pages that describe how the command is utilized. it just for help user if you forget the use and syntax for any comand. You use it by passing a command line as an option like this
# man vi
4) vi
The editor of choice for linux users.
A) If you notice on your keyboard the letters (H,J,K,L) are adjacent to each other, which makes them ideal keys to use for
navigating this editor.a) l (move right)b) h (move left)c) j (move down)d) k (momve up)B) YY - type in Y twice to copy a lineC) DD - type in D twice to cut a line.D) P - type in P to paste a line.E) :q! - quit without savingF) :wq! - save and quitG) :w! - save
5) cat
To view the contents of a file.
# cat filename.txt
6) more
You can pipe the cat command into more which will allow you to view the contents one screenfull at a time.
# cat filename.txt more
7) cp, mv, rm
For copy, move or remove a file. There’s actually three different commands for each of these functions.
A) copy
# cp oldfilename.txt newfilename.txt
B) move
# mv oldfilename.txt newfilename.txt
C) delete
# rm oldfilename.txt
chmod
This command is used for changing files permission.
# chmod +x filename
9) grep
if you need to search for certain phrases or words in a file? And for this we can use the grep command. Say we want to search for all the occurances of the word “passwd” in a filename, we can use the following command
# grep “passwd” filename.txt
If there are matches, the lines containing “passwd” will be printed.
10) ps
using the “ps” command you can view What processes are running under your account or in background.
# ps
This basic command Use for to see the list of a directory.
# ls
a) To view details such as the file permissions, user and group owner, last time file was modified
# ls -l
b) Searching filenames by using wildcards. To list files that start with the letter h, use
# ls -l h*
2) find
The find command to find your files. The find command will search and find directories or files that match conditions such as name, date last accessed, file size and more. It has got many abilities, and they’re all listed in the man page.
To search for files starting with the letter h recursively starting from the / root directory use the following
# find / -name h*
3) man
man stands for manual, So “man page” really means it’s manual page. Most linux commands have manual pages that describe how the command is utilized. it just for help user if you forget the use and syntax for any comand. You use it by passing a command line as an option like this
# man vi
4) vi
The editor of choice for linux users.
A) If you notice on your keyboard the letters (H,J,K,L) are adjacent to each other, which makes them ideal keys to use for
navigating this editor.a) l (move right)b) h (move left)c) j (move down)d) k (momve up)B) YY - type in Y twice to copy a lineC) DD - type in D twice to cut a line.D) P - type in P to paste a line.E) :q! - quit without savingF) :wq! - save and quitG) :w! - save
5) cat
To view the contents of a file.
# cat filename.txt
6) more
You can pipe the cat command into more which will allow you to view the contents one screenfull at a time.
# cat filename.txt more
7) cp, mv, rm
For copy, move or remove a file. There’s actually three different commands for each of these functions.
A) copy
# cp oldfilename.txt newfilename.txt
B) move
# mv oldfilename.txt newfilename.txt
C) delete
# rm oldfilename.txt
chmod
This command is used for changing files permission.
# chmod +x filename
9) grep
if you need to search for certain phrases or words in a file? And for this we can use the grep command. Say we want to search for all the occurances of the word “passwd” in a filename, we can use the following command
# grep “passwd” filename.txt
If there are matches, the lines containing “passwd” will be printed.
10) ps
using the “ps” command you can view What processes are running under your account or in background.
# ps
Installing microprocessors
The mounting mechanism for CPUs vary from one type to the other. Consult your motherboard manual for mounting these microprocessors. These are the main types of microprocessors that are still in the market and are not interchangeable:
Socket 478, for Pentium 4 and newer Celeron
Socket 423, for older Pentium 4
Socket A / 462, for AMD Athlon Thunderbird, Duron, and XP
Socket 603/604, for Intel Xeon
Socket 940, for AMD Opteron
Socket 7, for classic Pentium and Pentium MMX, AMD K6, and Cyrix microprocessors
Super Socket 7, for AMD K6-2 and K6-3 microprocessors
Socket 370, for Intel Celeron microprocessors and Pentium III
Slot 1, for Intel Pentium II and III microprocessors Slot A, for AMD Athlon microprocessors
How to Select best processor
As we know processor is very important component of compuer. We know the processor is the brain of a computer. When user does anything on the computer, making drawing, from typing a document to playing games, the computer’s processor does the work required to make letters, drawing, appear on screen and check the spelling or calculating some numbers. its also called CPU. its difficulst to select which processor is best one but in most case it depend on which type of work you are going to do on it and How much money you want to spend for processor.
Here we are going to giving some basic point on the basis of you can select best processor.
Clock Speed
The speed at which the processor executes instructions. Every processor contains an internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed. It is expressed in Megahertz (MHz) which is 1 million calculations per second or Gigahertz (GHz), Means Means processor that ran at 4.77MHz - that is, it could perform 4,770.000 calculations a second, Gigahertz (GHz) which is 1 billion calculations per second. Means Pentium 4 processor. Running at 3.8GHz, the Pentium 4 could perform 3,800,000,000 individual calculations per second.
Front Side
Bus Speed The speed of the bus that connects the processor to main memory (RAM). As processors have become faster and faster, the system bus has become one of the chief bottlenecks in modern PCs. Typical bus speeds are 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 667 MHz, and 800 MHz.
Cache Memory
Cache memory is memory worked inside the processor, processor having more cache allows processors to complete tasks more quickly. its very expensive memory. if two processors have the same clock speed but different size of cache memory, the processor which have more cache will perform better.
L2 Cache
The size of 2nd level cache. L2 Cache is ultra-fast memory that buffers information being transferred between the processor and the slower RAM in an attempt to speed these types of transfers.
L3 Cache
The size of 3rd level cache, typically larger then L2. L3 Cache is ultra-fast memory that buffers information being transferred between the processor and the slower RAM in an attempt to speed these types of transfers. Integrated Level 3 cache provides a faster path to large data sets stored in cache on the processor. This results in reduced average memory latency and increased throughput for larger High-end Desktop workloads.
Hyperthreading
Another power-boosting trick used in processor is known as Hyperthreading. In this technicque it creates two queues of tasks inside the processor rather than one queues of task. Although it can only perform one task at a time, if the processor encounters any problem with the task at the head of one queue, it can quickly switch over to processing tasks in the other queue. its make processor little more quickly than standard when performing some tasks.
Multi Core Processor
Multi-core processors they can perform several tasks simultaneously. so its more faster then Hyperthreading based processor
Most populor dual-core processors,dual-core processor have the ability to perform two tasks at once. Dual-core processors often have a lower clock speed than standerd processor, but this does not mean they are less powerful. For example, a 2.2GHz dual-core processor looks slower than a standard 3.8GHz processor, but the dual-core processor can perform two task per second the standard processor performs one. This means it can perform 4.4 billion Instruction per second, compared with the 3.8 billion instruction of the standard processor. Dual-core processor are now very populor and common and found in most desktop and notebook computers.
Quad-Core
Quad-core processors that can perform a four tasks at once, but these are currently very costly.
I hope this information will help you selecting best processor.
Here we are going to giving some basic point on the basis of you can select best processor.
Clock Speed
The speed at which the processor executes instructions. Every processor contains an internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed. It is expressed in Megahertz (MHz) which is 1 million calculations per second or Gigahertz (GHz), Means Means processor that ran at 4.77MHz - that is, it could perform 4,770.000 calculations a second, Gigahertz (GHz) which is 1 billion calculations per second. Means Pentium 4 processor. Running at 3.8GHz, the Pentium 4 could perform 3,800,000,000 individual calculations per second.
Front Side
Bus Speed The speed of the bus that connects the processor to main memory (RAM). As processors have become faster and faster, the system bus has become one of the chief bottlenecks in modern PCs. Typical bus speeds are 400 MHz, 533 MHz, 667 MHz, and 800 MHz.
Cache Memory
Cache memory is memory worked inside the processor, processor having more cache allows processors to complete tasks more quickly. its very expensive memory. if two processors have the same clock speed but different size of cache memory, the processor which have more cache will perform better.
L2 Cache
The size of 2nd level cache. L2 Cache is ultra-fast memory that buffers information being transferred between the processor and the slower RAM in an attempt to speed these types of transfers.
L3 Cache
The size of 3rd level cache, typically larger then L2. L3 Cache is ultra-fast memory that buffers information being transferred between the processor and the slower RAM in an attempt to speed these types of transfers. Integrated Level 3 cache provides a faster path to large data sets stored in cache on the processor. This results in reduced average memory latency and increased throughput for larger High-end Desktop workloads.
Hyperthreading
Another power-boosting trick used in processor is known as Hyperthreading. In this technicque it creates two queues of tasks inside the processor rather than one queues of task. Although it can only perform one task at a time, if the processor encounters any problem with the task at the head of one queue, it can quickly switch over to processing tasks in the other queue. its make processor little more quickly than standard when performing some tasks.
Multi Core Processor
Multi-core processors they can perform several tasks simultaneously. so its more faster then Hyperthreading based processor
Most populor dual-core processors,dual-core processor have the ability to perform two tasks at once. Dual-core processors often have a lower clock speed than standerd processor, but this does not mean they are less powerful. For example, a 2.2GHz dual-core processor looks slower than a standard 3.8GHz processor, but the dual-core processor can perform two task per second the standard processor performs one. This means it can perform 4.4 billion Instruction per second, compared with the 3.8 billion instruction of the standard processor. Dual-core processor are now very populor and common and found in most desktop and notebook computers.
Quad-Core
Quad-core processors that can perform a four tasks at once, but these are currently very costly.
I hope this information will help you selecting best processor.
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